Congenital missing of mandibular permanent incisors with retained primary Model Truck incisors may jeopardize the esthetic appearance and psychological development of children, especially during the years of transition into adolescence.The retained primary teeth are necessary for the maintenance and normal development of alveolar bone, which in tur
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative human pathogenic bacterium that has the read more ability to form multicellular biofilm (BF) communities.Due to the presence of extracellular polymeric substances, BF protects bacteria from unfavorable environmental conditions and causes their resistance to antimicrobial substances.The presence of BF in the
The primary objective of this study is to determine appropriate mixes for cement-based crack injection materials by combining Portland cement (type I) and sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) with reactive ultra-fine fly ash (RUFA).Various weight percentages of SAC (WSAC) and Portland cement (type I) (WC) as binder materials were considered, while the weigh